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	Low back pain
	Low back pain is more common complaint. It may be a limited musculoskeletal symptom or caused by a variety of
	diseases and disorders that affect or extend from the lumbar spine.
	Low back pain is sometimes accompanied by sciatica, the pain that involves the sciatic nerve
	and is felt in the lower back, the buttocks, the backs and sides of the thighs, and possibly the calves.

	Description
	The most common cause of low back pain is lumbar strain.
	Sites of low back pain.
	Pain anywhere along the spine can be caused by osteoarthritis.
	Pain along one or the other side of the spine may be a kidney infection.
	Trauma to back muscles, joints, or disks causes low back pain.
	Damage to the coccyx can occur during a fall.
	Sciatica can cause pain to run down from the back and buttocks area down a leg.

	Risks for low back pain are increased with fracture and osteoporosis, narrowing of the spinal canal.
	within the vertebrae , spinal curvatures, fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, pregnancy,
	smoking, stress, age greater than 30, or disease or illness of the organs of the lower abdomen.
	Low back pain may be described as:
	Localized. In localized pain the patient will feel soreness or discomfort when the doctor palpates,
	or presses on, a specific surface area of the lower back.
	Diffuse. Diffuse pain is spread over a larger area and comes from deep tissue layers.
	Radicular. The pain is caused by irritation of a nerve root and radiates from the area. For example- Sciatica
	Referred. The pain is perceived in the lower back, but actually is caused by inflammation or disease elsewhere,
	such as the kidneys or other structures of or near the lower abdomen including the intestines, appendix, bladder,
	uterus, ovaries or the testes.

	Causes & symptoms
	Acute and sub-acute pain
	It is pain that does not usually extend to the leg and usually occurs within 24 hours of heavy lifting or
	overuse of the back muscles.
	The pain is usually localized, and may be accompanied by muscle spasms or soreness to touch.
	The patient usually feels better when resting.

	Chronic pain
	MECHANICAL. Chronic strain on the muscles of the lower back may be caused by obesity, pregnancy,
	or job related stooping, bending, or other stressful postures.
	MALIGNANCY OR OTHER SERIOUS ILLNESS. Low back pain at night that is not relieved by lying down may be
	caused by metastasized cancer that has spread to the spine from the prostate, breasts, or lungs.
	Kidney problems, such as kidney stones; ovarian and uterine problems, chronic constipation
	and tuberculosis of the spine , all may be associated with pain to the lower back.
	ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; a form of arthritis that causes chronic pain in the back. The pain is made worse
	by sitting or lying down, and improves when the patient gets up, most commonly seen in males between
	the ages of 16 and 35.
	HERNIATED SPINAL DISK;a disorder in which a spinal disk begins to bulge outward between the vertebrae. which
	is common cause of low back pain in adults.
	pain that may worsen on movement, with coughing, sneezing and may accompanied by numbness.
	Deep tendon reflexes may be reduced, and the straight leg raising test may be positive.
	PSYCHOGENIC. Back pain that is out of proportion to a minor injury, or that is unusually associated with
	emotional disturbance
	SCIATICA: Low back pain that radiates down the leg usually indicates involvement of the sciatic nerve.

	Diagnosis
	The diagnosis of low back pain can be performed by proper patients' history and general examination .
	Reflex, sensory and motor tests may help the doctor for proper diagnosis.
	X-ray, CTscan, MRI, and EMG. used to diagnose proper cause of low back pain.

	Prevention
	It is due to muscle strain can be prevented by lifestyle choices, including regular physical exercise
	and weight control, avoiding smoking, and learning the proper techniques for lifting and moving heavy objects.
	Simple actions can also help prevent low back pain, such as putting a small, firm cushion behind the lower back
	when sitting for long intervals, using a soft pillow for sleep that supports the lower neck
	using a swiveling desk chair with a postural support
	Using soft soled shoes, avoiding the use of high heels.
	The most effective way to prevent low back pain is to exercise regularly
	Two types of exercises—aerobic exercise and specific muscle-strengthening and stretching exercises are helpful.
	Aerobic exercise, such as swimming and walking, improves general fitness, decreases obesity, and generally
	strengthens muscles
	Specific exercises to strengthen and stretch the muscles in the abdomen, buttocks, and back can help stabilize the
	spine and decrease strain on the disks
	Muscle-strengthening exercises include pelvic tilts and abdominal curls.
	Stretching exercises include the sitting leg stretch, knee-to-chest stretch, and hip and quadriceps stretch.
	Stretching exercises can increase back pain in some people and therefore should be performed carefully.
	Pelvic Tilts
	Lie on the back with the knees bent, the heels on the floor, and the weight on the heels.
	Press the small of the back against the floor, contract the buttocks (raising them about half an inch from the floor),
	and contract the abdominal muscles. Hold this position for a count of 10. Repeat 20 times.
	Abdominal Curls
	Lie on the back with the knees bent and feet on the floor. Place the hands across the chest
	Contract the abdominal muscles, slowly raising the shoulders 10 inches from the floor while keeping the head back
	(the chin should not touch the chest). Then release the abdominal muscles, slowly lowering the shoulders.

	HOMOEOPATHIC TREATMENT:
	COLOCYNTH: Cramp-like pain in hip; lies on affected side; pain from hip to knee.
	Stiffness of joints and shortening of tendons. Sciatic pain, left side, drawing, tearing; better, pressure and heat;
	worse, gentle touch. Contraction of the muscles. Pain down right thigh; muscles and tendons feel too short;
	numbness with pains .

	HELONIOS: Pain and weight in back; tired and weak. Aching and burning across the lumbar region;
	can trace outlines of kidneys by constant burning. Boring pain in lumbar region, extending down legs.

	BERBERIS VULGARIS: Stitching pain in back Sticking pain in region of kidneys radiating then around abdomen,
	to hips and groins. Numb, bruised sensation. Stitches from kidneys into bladder Tearing, sticking with
	stiffness, making rising difficult, involving hips, , limbs, with numbness. Lumbago .Low back pain with kidney stone.

	KAI CARB: Great exhaustion. Stitches in lower back in region of kidneys .Stiffness and paralytic
	feeling in back Severe backache during pregnancy, and after miscarriage Hip-disease. Pain in hip-joint.
	Lumbago with sudden sharp pain extending up and down back and to thighs.

	KALMIA: Pain down back, as if it would break; in localized regions of spine; through shoulders.
	Lumbar pains, of nervous origin. Pain worse on leaning forward
	(NOTE: The above given information about medicine is just for information, patient should not take medicines by own as homoeopathy believes in individualization and medicine & dose changes for each person)